/*
   Copyright 2010 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
   All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0,
   as published by the Free Software Foundation.

   This program is also distributed with certain software (including
   but not limited to OpenSSL) that is licensed under separate terms,
   as designated in a particular file or component or in included license
   documentation.  The authors of MySQL hereby grant you an additional
   permission to link the program and your derivative works with the
   separately licensed software that they have included with MySQL.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License, version 2.0, for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301  USA
*/

package com.mysql.clusterj.core.util;

import java.util.*;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;

import com.mysql.clusterj.ClusterJFatalInternalException;

/** Helper class for constructing messages from bundles.  The intended usage
 * of this class is to construct a new instance bound to a bundle, as in
 * <P>
 * <code>I18NHelper local = 
 *  I18NHelper.getInstance("com.mysql.clusterj.core.Bundle");</code>
 * <P>
 * This call uses the class loader that loaded the I18NHelper class to find
 * the specified Bundle. The class provides two overloaded getInstance
 * methods allowing to specify a different class loader: 
 * {@link #getInstance(Class cls)} looks for a bundle
 * called "Bundle.properties" located in the package of the specified class 
 * object and {@link #getInstance(String bundleName,ClassLoader loader)} 
 * uses the specified class loader to find the bundle.
 * <P>
 * Subsequently, instance methods can be used to format message strings 
 * using the text from the bundle, as in 
 * <P>
 * <code>throw new JDOFatalInternalException (local.message("ERR_NoMetadata", 
 * cls.getName()));</code>
 */        
public class I18NHelper {

    /** The logger */
    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactoryService.getFactory()
            .getInstance(I18NHelper.class);

    /** Bundles that have already been loaded 
     */
    private static Hashtable<String, ResourceBundle> bundles = new Hashtable<String, ResourceBundle>();
    
    /** Helper instances that have already been created 
     */
    private static Hashtable<String, I18NHelper> helpers = new Hashtable<String, I18NHelper>();
    
    /** The default locale for this VM.
     */
    private static Locale       locale = Locale.getDefault();

    /** The name of the bundle used by this instance of the helper.
     */
    private final String        bundleName;

    /** The bundle used by this instance of the helper.
     */
    private ResourceBundle      bundle = null;

    /** Throwable if ResourceBundle couldn't be loaded
     */
    private Throwable           failure = null;

    /** The unqualified standard name of a bundle. */
    private static final String bundleSuffix = ".Bundle";    // NOI18N

    /** Constructor */
    private I18NHelper() {
        this.bundleName = null;
    }

    /** Constructor for an instance bound to a bundle.
     * @param bundleName the name of the resource bundle
     * @param loader the class loader from which to load the resource
     * bundle
     */
    private I18NHelper (String bundleName, ClassLoader loader) {
        this.bundleName = bundleName;
        try {
            bundle = loadBundle (bundleName, bundleName, loader);
        }
        catch (Throwable e) {
            failure = e;
        }
    }
    
    /** An instance bound to a bundle. This method uses the current class 
     * loader to find the bundle.
     * @param bundleName the name of the bundle
     * @return the helper instance bound to the bundle
     */
    public static I18NHelper getInstance (String bundleName) {
        return getInstance (bundleName, I18NHelper.class.getClassLoader());
    }

    /** An instance bound to a bundle. This method figures out the bundle name
     * for the class object's package and uses the class' class loader to
     * find the bundle. Note, the specified class object must not be
     * <code>null</code>.
     * @param cls the class object from which to load the resource bundle
     * @return the helper instance bound to the bundle
     */
    public static I18NHelper getInstance (final Class<?> cls) {
        ClassLoader classLoader = AccessController.doPrivileged (
            new PrivilegedAction<ClassLoader> () {
                public ClassLoader run () {
                    return cls.getClassLoader();
                }
            }
            );
        String bundle = getPackageName (cls.getName()) + bundleSuffix;
        return getInstance (bundle, classLoader);
    }

    /** An instance bound to a bundle. This method uses the specified class
     * loader to find the bundle. Note, the specified class loader must not
     * be <code>null</code>.
     * @param bundleName the name of the bundle
     * @param loader the class loader from which to load the resource
     * bundle
     * @return the helper instance bound to the bundle
     */
    public static I18NHelper getInstance (String bundleName, 
                                          ClassLoader loader) {
        I18NHelper helper = helpers.get (bundleName);
        if (helper != null) {
            return helper;
        }
        helper = new I18NHelper(bundleName, loader);
        helpers.put (bundleName, helper);
        // if two threads simultaneously create the same helper, return the first
        // one to be put into the Hashtable.  The other will be garbage collected.
        return helpers.get (bundleName);
    }

    /** Message formatter
     * @param messageKey the message key
     * @return the resolved message text
     */
    public String message (String messageKey) {
        assertBundle (messageKey);
        return getMessage (bundle, messageKey);
    }

    /** Message formatter
     * @param messageKey the message key
     * @param arg1 the first argument
     * @return the resolved message text
     */
    public String message (String messageKey, Object arg1) {
        assertBundle (messageKey);
        return getMessage (bundle, messageKey, arg1);
    }

    /** Message formatter
     * @param messageKey the message key
     * @param arg1 the first argument
     * @param arg2 the second argument
     * @return the resolved message text
     */
    public String message (String messageKey, Object arg1, Object arg2) {
        assertBundle (messageKey);
        return getMessage (bundle, messageKey, arg1, arg2);
    }

    /** Message formatter
     * @param messageKey the message key
     * @param args the array of arguments
     * @return the resolved message text
     */
    public String message (String messageKey, Object... args) {
        assertBundle (messageKey);
        return getMessage (bundle, messageKey, args);
    }

    /** Message formatter
     * @param messageKey the message key
     * @param arg the argument
     * @return the resolved message text
     */
    public String message (String messageKey, int arg) {
        assertBundle (messageKey);
        return getMessage(bundle, messageKey, arg);
    }
    
    /** Message formatter
     * @param messageKey the message key
     * @param arg the argument
     * @return the resolved message text
     */
    public String message (String messageKey, boolean arg) {
        assertBundle (messageKey);
        return getMessage(bundle, messageKey, arg);
    }
    
    /** Returns the resource bundle used by this I18NHelper.
     * @return the associated resource bundle
     */
    public ResourceBundle getResourceBundle () {
        assertBundle ();
        return bundle;
    }
    
    //========= Internal helper methods ==========

    /**
     * Load ResourceBundle by bundle name
     * @param bundleName the name of the bundle
     * @param loader the class loader from which to load the resource bundle
     * @return  the ResourceBundle
     */
    final private static ResourceBundle loadBundle(
                String original, String bundleName, ClassLoader loader) {
        ResourceBundle messages = bundles.get(bundleName);

        if (messages == null) //not found as loaded - add
        {
            try {
                if (loader != null) {
                    messages = ResourceBundle.getBundle(bundleName, locale, loader);
                } else {
                    // the library was loaded by the boostrap class loader
                    messages = ResourceBundle.getBundle(bundleName, locale,
                            getSystemClassLoaderPrivileged());
                }
                bundles.put(bundleName, messages);
            } catch (java.util.MissingResourceException ex) {
                // recursively try to find the Bundle in the next higher package
                String superBundleName = removeDirectoryName(bundleName);
                if (superBundleName == null) {
                    throw new ClusterJFatalInternalException(
                            "Missing resource bundle " + original);
                }
                messages = loadBundle(original, superBundleName, loader);
            }
        }
        return messages;
    }

    /** Assert resources available
     * @throws JDOFatalInternalException if the resource bundle could not
     * be loaded during construction.
     */
    private void assertBundle () {
        if (failure != null)
            throw new ClusterJFatalInternalException (
                "No resources could be found for bundle:\"" + 
                bundleName + "\" ", failure);
    }
    
    /** Assert resources available
     * @param key the message key 
     * @throws JDOFatalInternalException if the resource bundle could not
     * be loaded during construction.
     */
    private void assertBundle (String key) {
        if (failure != null)
            throw new ClusterJFatalInternalException (
                "No resources could be found for bundle: " + bundleName
                + " to annotate error message key:\""
                + key + "\"", failure);
    }

    /**
     * Returns message as <code>String</code>
     * @param messages the resource bundle
     * @param messageKey the message key
     * @return the resolved message text
     */
    final private static String getMessage(ResourceBundle messages, String messageKey) 
    {
        return messages.getString(messageKey);
    }

    /**
     * Formats message by adding array of arguments
     * @param messages the resource bundle
     * @param messageKey the message key
     * @param msgArgs an array of arguments to substitute into the message
     * @return the resolved message text
     */
    final private static String getMessage(ResourceBundle messages, 
            String messageKey, Object[] msgArgs) 
    {
        for (int i=0; i<msgArgs.length; i++) {
            if (msgArgs[i] == null) msgArgs[i] = ""; // NOI18N
        }
        MessageFormat formatter = new MessageFormat(messages.getString(messageKey));
        return formatter.format(msgArgs);
    }
    
    /**
     * Formats message by adding an <code>Object</code> argument.
     * @param messages the resource bundle
     * @param messageKey the message key
     * @param arg the argument
     * @return the resolved message text
     */
    final private static String getMessage(ResourceBundle messages, 
            String messageKey, Object arg) 
    {
        Object []args = {arg};
        return getMessage(messages, messageKey, args);
    }
    
    /**
     * Formats message by adding two <code>Object</code> arguments.
     * @param messages the resource bundle
     * @param messageKey the message key
     * @param arg1 the first argument
     * @param arg2 the second argument
     * @return the resolved message text
     */
    final private static String getMessage(ResourceBundle messages, 
            String messageKey, Object arg1, Object arg2) 
    {
        Object []args = {arg1, arg2};
        return getMessage(messages, messageKey, args);
    }
    
    /**
     * Formats message by adding an <code>int</code> as an argument.
     * @param messages the resource bundle
     * @param messageKey the message key
     * @param arg the argument
     * @return the resolved message text
     */
    final private static String getMessage(ResourceBundle messages, 
            String messageKey, int arg) 
    {
        Object []args = {new Integer(arg)};
        return getMessage(messages, messageKey, args);
    }
    
    /**
     * Formats message by adding a <code>boolean</code> as an argument.
     * @param messages the resource bundle
     * @param messageKey the message key
     * @param arg the argument
     * @return the resolved message text
     */
    final private static String getMessage(ResourceBundle messages, 
            String messageKey, boolean arg) 
    {
        Object []args = {String.valueOf(arg)};
        return getMessage(messages, messageKey, args);
    }

    /**  
     * Returns the package portion of the specified class.
     * @param className the name of the class from which to extract the 
     * package 
     * @return package portion of the specified class
     */   
    final private static String getPackageName(final String className)
    { 
        final int index = className.lastIndexOf('.');
        return ((index != -1) ? className.substring(0, index) : ""); // NOI18N
    }

    /** Return the bundle name of the super package. For example,
     * if the bundleName is com.mysql.cluster.util.deeper.Bundle,
     * return com.mysql.cluster.util.Bundle.
     * @param bundleName the bundle name
     * @return the bundle name of the super package
     */
    private static String removeDirectoryName(String bundleName) {
        String result;
        int lastDot = bundleName.lastIndexOf(".");
        String packageName = bundleName.substring(0, lastDot);
        String suffix = bundleName.substring(lastDot);
        int index = packageName.lastIndexOf(".");
        if (index == -1) {
            return null;
        }
        String superPackageName = packageName.substring(0, index);
        result = superPackageName + suffix;

        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("bundleName is: " + bundleName + 
                    "; superPackageName is: " + superPackageName + 
                    "; suffix is: " + suffix + 
                    "; packageName is: " + packageName + 
                    "; returning: " + result);
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Get the system class loader. This must be done in a doPrivileged 
     * block because of security.
     */
    private static ClassLoader getSystemClassLoaderPrivileged() {
        return AccessController.doPrivileged (
            new PrivilegedAction<ClassLoader> () {
                public ClassLoader run () {
                    return ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
                }
            }
        );
    }
}
